Judge the following items according to text 5A5AAA.
Mesh topologies differ from others because the failure of the
central element results in the failure of the whole network.
Judge the following items according to text 5A5AAA.
If any network element fails in whatever kind of network,
operations will be interrupted.
Analise os itens: I. O conhecimento empírico envolve os vários níveis da organização linguística que as pessoas têm: os conhecimentos léxicosemânticos, morfológicos, sintáticos e fonético-fonológicos. Ele possibilita que as pessoas, ao produzirem enunciados, façam escolhas gramaticalmente adequadas ou que compreendam enunciados apoiando-se no nível sistêmico da língua. II. O conhecimento das coisas se refere ao conhecimento convencional que as pessoas têm sobre as coisas do mundo, isto é, seu pré-conhecimento do mundo. Ficam armazenados na memória das pessoas conhecimentos sobre várias coisas e ações, por exemplo, festas de aniversário, casamentos, oficinas de conserto de carros, postos de gasolina, concertos musicais etc., conhecimentos construídos ao longo de suas experiências de vida.III. O conhecimento sobre a organização de textos orais e escritos pode ser chamado também de intertextual e é de natureza convencional. Deve-se notar também que usuários de línguas diferentes podem organizar textos escritos e orais de forma distinta. Por exemplo, mesmo em uma conversa informal em inglês não se admitem tantas interrupções e fracionamento dos tópicos quanto parecem ocorrer em uma conversa informal em português. Da mesma forma, um texto escrito em inglês não permite tantas digressões do tópico principal quanto um texto em português. Quantos itens estão corretos?
Mark the incorrect option:
The guests _______ yet.
People with disabilities can use websites and web tools
when they are properly designed. However, currently many sites
and tools are developed with accessibility barriers that make it
difficult or impossible for some people to use them.
The absence of an alternative text is the classic example.
Sites and tools with images should include equivalent alternative
text in the markup/code.
If an alternative text is not provided for images, the image
information is inaccessible, for example, to people who cannot see
and have to use a screen reader that reads aloud the information on
a page, including the alternative text for the visual image.
When an equivalent alternative text is presented, in HTML
format, for example, information is available to everyone to people
who are blind, as well as to people who turned off images on their
mobile phone to lower bandwidth charges, people in a rural area
with low bandwidth who turned off images to speed download, and
others. It is also available to technologies that cannot see the image,
such as search engines.
Another example of barrier is the lack of keyboard input.
Some people cannot use a mouse, including many elderly users with
limited fine motor control. An accessible website does not rely on
the mouse; it provides all functionality via a keyboard.
Just as images are not available to people who cannot see,
audio files are not available to people who cannot hear. Providing
a text transcript makes the audio information accessible to people
who are deaf or hard of hearing.
It is easy and relatively inexpensive for website developers
to provide transcripts for podcasts and audio files. There are also
transcription services that create text transcripts in HTML format.
Most of the basics of accessibility are even easier and less
expensive than providing transcripts. However, the proper
techniques are poorly integrated into some web tools, education,
and development processes.
Internet:
Judge the following items according to the text above.
HTML format is a kind of search engine.
“A aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira deve garantir ao aluno seu engajamento discursivo, ou seja, a capacidade de se envolver e envolver outros no discurso. Isso pode ser viabilizado em sala de aula por meio de atividades pedagógicas centradas na constituição do aluno como ser discursivo, ou seja, sua construção como sujeito do discurso via Língua Estrangeira.” (PCNs, 1998:19) Aponta-se como característica desta perspectiva de ensino de língua estrangeira o desenvolvimento:
As questões 06 a 10 referem-se ao Texto 2.
Texto 2
Multicultural Education in Your Classroom
By: E.K. Garcia
America has always been referred to as a melting
pot, but ideally, it's a place where we strive to invite
everyone to celebrate exactly who they are. As the
US. population is becoming increasingly diverse and
technology makes the world feel increasingly
smaller, it is time to make every classroom a
multicultural classroom.
Multicultural education is more than celebrating
Cinco de Mayo with tacos and piñatas or reading
the latest biography of Martin Luther King Jr. It is an
educational movement built on basic American
values such as freedom, justice, opportunity, and
equality. It is a set of strategies aimed to address
the diverse challenges experienced by rapidly
changing U.S. demographics. And it is a beginning
step to shifting the balance of power and privilege
within the education system.
The goals of multicultural education include creating
a safe, accepting and successful learning
environment for all, increasing awareness of global
issues, strengthening cultural consciousness,
strengthening intercultural awareness, teaching
students that there are multiple historical
perspectives, encouraging critical thinking and
preventing prejudice and discrimination.
According to the National Association for
Multicultural Education (NAME), the advantages of
multicultural education are helping students develop
positive self-image, offering students an equitable
educational opportunity, allowing multiple
perspectives and ways of thinking, combating
stereotypes/prejudicial behavior and teaching
students to critique society in the interest of social
justice.
Contrary to popular belief, multicultural education is
more than cultural awareness, but rather an initiative
to encompass all under-represented groups (people
of color, women, people with disabilities, etc) and to
ensure curriculum and content including such
groups is accurate and complete.
Most curriculums focus more on North America and
Europe than any other region. Most students have
learned about genocide through stories of the
Holocaust, but do they know that hundreds of
thousands of people are being killed in places like
Darfur and Rwanda? Despite our close proximity to
Latin America, American schools typically spend
little time reading Latin American literature or
learning about the culture and history.
_______, multicultural education is most successful
when implemented as a schoolwide approach with
reconstruction of not only curriculum, but also
organizational and institutional policy. Educators
must be aware, responsive and embracing of the
diverse beliefs, perspectives and experiences. They
must also be willing and ready to address issues of
controversy.
These issues include, but are not limited to, racism,
sexism, religious intolerance, classism, ageism, etc.
(Adapted from http://www.teachhub.com/multiculturaleducation-your-classroom
Accessed on 21 April 2016)
According to the text, Multiculturalism Education has become an important issue in American classrooms because they:
As questões 06 a 10 referem-se ao Texto 2.
Texto 2
Multicultural Education in Your Classroom
By: E.K. Garcia
America has always been referred to as a melting
pot, but ideally, it's a place where we strive to invite
everyone to celebrate exactly who they are. As the
US. population is becoming increasingly diverse and
technology makes the world feel increasingly
smaller, it is time to make every classroom a
multicultural classroom.
Multicultural education is more than celebrating
Cinco de Mayo with tacos and piñatas or reading
the latest biography of Martin Luther King Jr. It is an
educational movement built on basic American
values such as freedom, justice, opportunity, and
equality. It is a set of strategies aimed to address
the diverse challenges experienced by rapidly
changing U.S. demographics. And it is a beginning
step to shifting the balance of power and privilege
within the education system.
The goals of multicultural education include creating
a safe, accepting and successful learning
environment for all, increasing awareness of global
issues, strengthening cultural consciousness,
strengthening intercultural awareness, teaching
students that there are multiple historical
perspectives, encouraging critical thinking and
preventing prejudice and discrimination.
According to the National Association for
Multicultural Education (NAME), the advantages of
multicultural education are helping students develop
positive self-image, offering students an equitable
educational opportunity, allowing multiple
perspectives and ways of thinking, combating
stereotypes/prejudicial behavior and teaching
students to critique society in the interest of social
justice.
Contrary to popular belief, multicultural education is
more than cultural awareness, but rather an initiative
to encompass all under-represented groups (people
of color, women, people with disabilities, etc) and to
ensure curriculum and content including such
groups is accurate and complete.
Most curriculums focus more on North America and
Europe than any other region. Most students have
learned about genocide through stories of the
Holocaust, but do they know that hundreds of
thousands of people are being killed in places like
Darfur and Rwanda? Despite our close proximity to
Latin America, American schools typically spend
little time reading Latin American literature or
learning about the culture and history.
_______, multicultural education is most successful
when implemented as a schoolwide approach with
reconstruction of not only curriculum, but also
organizational and institutional policy. Educators
must be aware, responsive and embracing of the
diverse beliefs, perspectives and experiences. They
must also be willing and ready to address issues of
controversy.
These issues include, but are not limited to, racism,
sexism, religious intolerance, classism, ageism, etc.
(Adapted from http://www.teachhub.com/multiculturaleducation-your-classroom
Accessed on 21 April 2016)
The word “consciousness” is formed by a process called suffixation. The word formed by the same process is:
As questões 13 a 15 referem-se ao Texto 4.
Texto 4
(…) In describing methods, the difference between a
philosophy of language teaching at the level of
theory and principles, and a set of derived
procedures for teaching a language, is central. In an
attempt to clarify this difference, a scheme was
proposed by the American applied linguist Edward
Anthony in 1963. He identified three levels of
conceptualization and organization, ________ he
termed approach, method, and technique.
The arrangement is hierarchical. The
organizational key is that techniques carry out a
method which is consistent with an approach . ..
An approach is a set of correlative
assumptions dealing with the nature of language
teaching and learning. An approach is axiomatic.
It describes the nature of the subject matter to be
taught. .. .
... Method is an overall plan for the
orderly presentation of language material, no part
of which contradicts, and all of which is based
upon, the selected approach. An approach is
axiomatic, a method is procedural. Within one
approach, there can be many methods . ..
... A technique is implementational - that
which actually takes place in a classroom. It is a
particular trick, stratagem, or contrivance used to
accomplish an immediate objective. Techniques
must be consistent with a method, and therefore
in harmony with an approach as well. (Anthony
1963:63-7)
According to Anthony's model, approach is the level
at which assumptions and beliefs about language
and language learning are specified; method is the
level at ________ theory is put into practice and at
_____ choices are made about the particular skills
to be taught, the content to be taught, and the order
in ______ the content will be presented; technique
is the level at _____ classroom procedures are
described.
(RICHARDS, J; ROGERS, T; SWAN, M. (1999) Approaches and
Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP. 15th edition)
In accordance with the descriptions of approach, method and technique, the alternative that presents two techniques is:
A questão 20 refere-se ao Texto 5.
Texto 5
“In discussing tense, we concentrated on location of
a situation. In order to talk about ASPECT, we have
to look inside the situation. In terms of its internal
dimensions, a situation may be represented as fixed
or changing, it may be treated as lasting for only a
moment or having duration, and it can be viewed as
completed or as ongoing. These are aspectual
distinctions.
Because aspect has to do with the kind of situation
perceived or experienced, it can be expressed both
lexically and grammatically." (YULE, 2000;62)
According to YULE (2000), when we are discussing tense, we need to look at the location of a given situation. However, when the issue is aspect, we need to look inside the situation itself. Taking into consideration both the lexical and grammatical aspects of the verb, the sentence that describes that at this time I look back at myself in an activity viewed internally as in progress is:
In the fragment of the text “Thankfully, this time around, the
outlook for renewable energy isn't so bleak" (lines 11-12), the
word bleak can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
No último parágrafo, a expressão “Whatever the outcome” pode ser traduzida como:
The Loch Ness Monster probably doesn’t exist.
