Em uma operação de resgate realizada em uma represa, um bombeiro partiu do repouso e desceu por um tubo vertical, percorrendo uma distância de 5,0 m. Ele atingiu o piso horizontal, com velocidade de 3,0 m/s, e entrou na viatura que o transportou até o local do resgate. Ao chegar à represa, esse bombeiro mergulhou a uma profundidade de 12,0 m. Para cálculos relacionados a esse contexto são admitidos os seguintes valores:
O módulo da aceleração média, em m/s2 , experimentada pelo bombeiro, em seu deslocamento até alcançar o piso horizontal, é igual a:
Em indústrias petroquímicas, o processo de craqueamento do petróleo consiste na quebra de moléculas pesadas de hidrocarbonetos em moléculas leves e mais úteis, como alcenos e alcanos.
Observe um exemplo de reação química de craqueamento:
Nessa reação, o produto de menor massa molar possui a seguinte quantidade total de isômeros acíclicos:
Em casos de dispepsia funcional, condição gastrointestinal que pode ser associada a fatores emocionais, há liberação excessiva de ácido clorídrico pelo organismo. Dentre as alterações fisiológicas provocadas por essa condição, estão dor ou sensação de queimação no estômago e desconforto abdominal.
Essas alterações ocorrem devido ao estímulo direto do seguinte ramo do sistema nervoso:
Estudos científicos recentes indicam a possibilidade de se sintetizar um novo elemento químico, o átomo superpesado de número atômico 120. Sabe-se que, se o novo elemento for sintetizado, provavelmente suas propriedades químicas serão semelhantes às de uma família da tabela de classificação períodica atual.
Essa família é denominada:
O pintor e desenhista holandês Albert van der Eckhout (1610-1666) foi autor de um conjunto de obras que registram a fauna, a flora e os tipos humanos, no Brasil da época. Indicado ao conde Maurício de Nassau (1604-1679), integrou a comitiva de artistas e cientistas responsáveis por documentar o Novo Mundo, durante a permanência do governo holandês em Pernambuco, entre 1637 e 1644.
Adaptado de enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br.
As imagens acima reproduzem obras que compõem o conjunto de pinturas elaboradas por Albert van der Eckhout durante sua permanência nas terras do Brasil, no século XVII.
Tais pinturas, representativas do olhar europeu sobre o "Novo Mundo", indicam a valorização dos seguintes aspectos:
O permafrost, nome dado ao solo permanentemente congelado com temperatura abaixo de 0 °C por dois anos ou mais, contém material orgânico que se decompõe lentamente. Em função do aquecimento global, esse tipo de solo tem sofrido acentuado derretimento, agravando o efeito estufa.
Isso se explica pois, no descongelamento do permafrost, libera-se o seguinte gás:
Os batimentos cardíacos são controlados por correntes elétricas, iniciadas a partir do nódulo sinusal, que percorrem todo o miocárdio.
No coração, essas correntes elétricas resultam, em um primeiro momento, no seguinte processo:
Analisando a imagem, identifica-se o bioma brasileiro mais afetado pelo fenômeno retratado, que é provocado, predominantemente, pela ação humana.
Uma característica natural que favorece a maior incidência do fenômeno nesse bioma é:
Com base na variação territorial da densidade demográfica, identifica-se a seguinte característica socioespacial na Coreia do Sul:
“BOMBEIRO HERÓI”
O relógio marcava 18h30min e a escuridão era total na cidade completamente alagada de Eldorado do Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul. Por conta das enchentes, toda a distribuição de energia foi interrompida. No telefone, a voz desesperada da filha pede para que os bombeiros resgatem a mãe dela, que está acamada e inconsciente dentro da casa tomada pela água. Cada minuto era crucial porque o nível da água subia constantemente e deixava a situação ainda mais dramática.
A filha não estava no mesmo imóvel, mas acionou o resgate após ouvir da cuidadora da mãe que a água na rua já estava na altura da cintura. Assim que recebeu o chamado, Rudinei Silva dos Santos, comandante dos bombeiros voluntários de Eldorado do Sul, apanhou uma lanterna, vestiu uma roupa de mergulho e partiu com um barco a remo com sua equipe para o resgate que durou cerca de duas horas. Rudinei, cuja casa também ficou debaixo d’água, relatou o que passou nesse episódio da tragédia das inundações.
“(...) Quando a gente recebe um chamado, a gente já vai imaginando todas as situações com que a gente pode se deparar, qual é o tipo de equipamento que a gente pode levar, quais as pessoas de que a gente necessita. De quantos bombeiros a gente vai precisar no local, se a embarcação consegue chegar e se vamos precisar de uma viatura leve ou pesada.
Na triagem via telefone com a filha dessa pessoa, que estava em outra cidade, vimos que ela não sabia exatamente como estava a situação, o que é mais uma questão que a gente tem que levar em consideração. Porque a informação que ela está nos passando por telefone não é de quem está no local, então isso pode ser uma coisa boa ou pode ser uma surpresa que talvez faça com que a gente perca um pouco de tempo, pois a gente não sabe exatamente qual a magnitude e grandeza desse atendimento.
Mas como a pessoa nos relatou que a mãe dela, no caso, era uma pessoa de idade em estado terminal, sem movimentos e dependente de uma cuidadora que também já tinha certa idade, ela não conseguiria ir para um local mais seguro sozinha. Nessas condições, fomos até o local. (...)
Fomos remando até a casa. Nos identificamos como bombeiros e entrei primeiro para verificar a situação. A gente faz uma análise de toda a cinemática e aí retornamos para a equipe. Como a gente verificou que seria possível passar o colchão pela porta onde ela estava, entramos e deixamos o barco ancorado próximo à entrada da casa. Quando chegamos ao local, a altura da água já estava encostando no colchão e ele já estava flutuando um pouco. (...)
A vítima era uma senhora, que tinha em torno de 70 anos e se alimentava por sonda, além de não se movimentar. Pelo tempo acamada, tinha os membros muito enrijecidos, o que não facilitava a mobilidade. A gente teve que colocar um cobertor por baixo dela, com muito cuidado, vários bombeiros que estavam submersos a suspenderam. Colocamos ela em cima do colchão novamente e fomos puxando o colchão sobre a água, cuidando para que ele não afundasse.
O desafio seguinte foi passar pela porta porque ela era bem estreita. Então apertamos um pouco a lateral do colchão para que ele dobrasse levemente e pudesse passar. Com todo o cuidado, a gente fez esse movimento de lateralização sempre com cuidado com o tubo de oxigênio dela. Levá-la de barco até o hospital também foi um desafio, um desafio colocá-la em cima do barco. Sem dizer que esse não é o meio mais adequado para fazer o transporte de uma vítima com essa necessidade. Fizemos o caminho até a ambulância, que nos aguardava numa área seca, com muito cuidado, pois tudo estava completamente escuro, e as águas turbulentas.
(...) Foi perigoso e bem complexo. Demandou bastante trabalho da equipe. Foram cinco bombeiros envolvidos, além da equipe da ambulância. (...) Sem dúvida, as enchentes foram a maior ocorrência que a gente já enfrentou. (...)”
FELIPE SOUZA e FERNANDO OTTO
Adaptado de bbc.com, 16/05/2024.
(1) Colocamos ela em cima do colchão novamente (l. 31)
(2) Nós a colocamos em cima do colchão novamente.
A diferença observada entre os enunciados acima exemplifica o fenômeno da variação linguística.
Uma explicação para tal variação relaciona-se com graus de:
2024 USHERED IN TWO FIRSTS FOR MILITARY WOMEN.
WE’RE ALL CELEBRATING.
American women kicked off 2024 with two milestones that flipped the script on the way society keeps judging, classifying and relating to us. The first happened in Annapolis, Maryland, where Vice Admiral Yvette Davids − a mother of twin boys with an Audrey Hepburn vibe − became the first woman to
lead the 178-year-old U.S. Naval Academy. Then, Air Force 2nd Lieutenant Madison Marsh became the newest Miss America, the first-active duty military officer to win the pageant. Beauty can have brains and brawn; brains and brawn can be beautiful. Take that, society.
Marsh’s crown matters more when it comes to her job in the Air Force. She busts the myth that women who do the jobs that used to be held only by men have to look and act like them. This is important at the Naval Academy, where some graduates watched Davids show compassion, a vivacious personality
and maternal pride as her kids cheered her on in a room full of military brass. “It was surreal,” said Sharon Hanley Disher, 65, one of the first women to graduate from the academy in 1980. She was at the ceremony promoting Davids, who called out the class of pioneers twice during her speech in Annapolis.
She couldn’t stop thinking about her first evening at the academy, back in 1976. “Miss Hanley, I don’t like women in my school,” an upperclassman told her, she recalled, pointing his finger in her face. “I don’t want women in my school. It will be my mission to make sure you’re long gone before I graduate.” She
graduated, and Davids, who graduated in 1989, thanked her and others for helping pave the way.
“A ship in port is safe, but that’s not what ships are built for,” said Davids in her welcome address, quoting the words of Admiral Grace Hopper. She will face doubt and challenges to her leadership. But besides proving that she can lead, she will be confronted with the opportunity to address women’s experience as
minorities in a school where they are just 28 percent of the student population.
Elizabeth Rowe, who was also in the class of 1980 with Hanley Disher, was celebrated as a pioneer in her small, Maryland farm town. When she went off to the academy, she was stunned by the hatred she faced when she got there. “While I knew it was first class and it was all male, I didn’t have any perspective. The
reaction we got − a sort of resentment, hatred, otherness, all of that − was unexpected. I spent four years just trying to get through it. The hazing and harassment − dead rats being left in mailboxes, the constant put-downs − were largely unaddressed by leaders,” she said.
Sadly, current students still face some of what she endured. Hanley Disher, who married a fellow graduate and again made history when all three of their children graduated from the academy, said she was thrilled to see her daughter have more congressionally mandated opportunities available to her. But she was
heartbroken when she heard that some of the old school misogyny was still there. “This one guy told my daughter a joke,” she recounted. He said: “What did the ugliest girl in the world say to the second ugliest girl in the world? What company are you in?”
Some of the women from the class of 1980 have never returned to the academy to celebrate milestones, as their colleagues took command in the Navy and rose in the ranks at the academy. They told Hanley Disher − when she reached out to them for reunions or events − that they can’t. But people change, places
change. During their 35th reunion, one of the men who was a primo harasser of women apologized to her. He told her that he has been living with guilt over the things he said and did, and wanted to apologize to all of them. So, Disher took him by the arm and said “Let’s go”. She accompanied him on his apology
tour, and then they cried about it at the bar.
PETULA DVORAK
Adaptado de washingtonpost.com, 15/01/2024.
The report in the last paragraph describes when a woman harasser apologized to Hanley Disher and to other women.
Regarding the context, women in the military might experience this apology as:
2024 USHERED IN TWO FIRSTS FOR MILITARY WOMEN.
WE’RE ALL CELEBRATING.
American women kicked off 2024 with two milestones that flipped the script on the way society keeps judging, classifying and relating to us. The first happened in Annapolis, Maryland, where Vice Admiral Yvette Davids − a mother of twin boys with an Audrey Hepburn vibe − became the first woman to
lead the 178-year-old U.S. Naval Academy. Then, Air Force 2nd Lieutenant Madison Marsh became the newest Miss America, the first-active duty military officer to win the pageant. Beauty can have brains and brawn; brains and brawn can be beautiful. Take that, society.
Marsh’s crown matters more when it comes to her job in the Air Force. She busts the myth that women who do the jobs that used to be held only by men have to look and act like them. This is important at the Naval Academy, where some graduates watched Davids show compassion, a vivacious personality
and maternal pride as her kids cheered her on in a room full of military brass. “It was surreal,” said Sharon Hanley Disher, 65, one of the first women to graduate from the academy in 1980. She was at the ceremony promoting Davids, who called out the class of pioneers twice during her speech in Annapolis.
She couldn’t stop thinking about her first evening at the academy, back in 1976. “Miss Hanley, I don’t like women in my school,” an upperclassman told her, she recalled, pointing his finger in her face. “I don’t want women in my school. It will be my mission to make sure you’re long gone before I graduate.” She
graduated, and Davids, who graduated in 1989, thanked her and others for helping pave the way.
“A ship in port is safe, but that’s not what ships are built for,” said Davids in her welcome address, quoting the words of Admiral Grace Hopper. She will face doubt and challenges to her leadership. But besides proving that she can lead, she will be confronted with the opportunity to address women’s experience as
minorities in a school where they are just 28 percent of the student population.
Elizabeth Rowe, who was also in the class of 1980 with Hanley Disher, was celebrated as a pioneer in her small, Maryland farm town. When she went off to the academy, she was stunned by the hatred she faced when she got there. “While I knew it was first class and it was all male, I didn’t have any perspective. The
reaction we got − a sort of resentment, hatred, otherness, all of that − was unexpected. I spent four years just trying to get through it. The hazing and harassment − dead rats being left in mailboxes, the constant put-downs − were largely unaddressed by leaders,” she said.
Sadly, current students still face some of what she endured. Hanley Disher, who married a fellow graduate and again made history when all three of their children graduated from the academy, said she was thrilled to see her daughter have more congressionally mandated opportunities available to her. But she was
heartbroken when she heard that some of the old school misogyny was still there. “This one guy told my daughter a joke,” she recounted. He said: “What did the ugliest girl in the world say to the second ugliest girl in the world? What company are you in?”
Some of the women from the class of 1980 have never returned to the academy to celebrate milestones, as their colleagues took command in the Navy and rose in the ranks at the academy. They told Hanley Disher − when she reached out to them for reunions or events − that they can’t. But people change, places
change. During their 35th reunion, one of the men who was a primo harasser of women apologized to her. He told her that he has been living with guilt over the things he said and did, and wanted to apologize to all of them. So, Disher took him by the arm and said “Let’s go”. She accompanied him on his apology
tour, and then they cried about it at the bar.
PETULA DVORAK
Adaptado de washingtonpost.com, 15/01/2024.
Take that, society. (l. 6)
The choice of the underlined expression suggests the following attitude towards society’s expectations:
2024 USHERED IN TWO FIRSTS FOR MILITARY WOMEN.
WE’RE ALL CELEBRATING.
American women kicked off 2024 with two milestones that flipped the script on the way society keeps judging, classifying and relating to us. The first happened in Annapolis, Maryland, where Vice Admiral Yvette Davids − a mother of twin boys with an Audrey Hepburn vibe − became the first woman to
lead the 178-year-old U.S. Naval Academy. Then, Air Force 2nd Lieutenant Madison Marsh became the newest Miss America, the first-active duty military officer to win the pageant. Beauty can have brains and brawn; brains and brawn can be beautiful. Take that, society.
Marsh’s crown matters more when it comes to her job in the Air Force. She busts the myth that women who do the jobs that used to be held only by men have to look and act like them. This is important at the Naval Academy, where some graduates watched Davids show compassion, a vivacious personality
and maternal pride as her kids cheered her on in a room full of military brass. “It was surreal,” said Sharon Hanley Disher, 65, one of the first women to graduate from the academy in 1980. She was at the ceremony promoting Davids, who called out the class of pioneers twice during her speech in Annapolis.
She couldn’t stop thinking about her first evening at the academy, back in 1976. “Miss Hanley, I don’t like women in my school,” an upperclassman told her, she recalled, pointing his finger in her face. “I don’t want women in my school. It will be my mission to make sure you’re long gone before I graduate.” She
graduated, and Davids, who graduated in 1989, thanked her and others for helping pave the way.
“A ship in port is safe, but that’s not what ships are built for,” said Davids in her welcome address, quoting the words of Admiral Grace Hopper. She will face doubt and challenges to her leadership. But besides proving that she can lead, she will be confronted with the opportunity to address women’s experience as
minorities in a school where they are just 28 percent of the student population.
Elizabeth Rowe, who was also in the class of 1980 with Hanley Disher, was celebrated as a pioneer in her small, Maryland farm town. When she went off to the academy, she was stunned by the hatred she faced when she got there. “While I knew it was first class and it was all male, I didn’t have any perspective. The
reaction we got − a sort of resentment, hatred, otherness, all of that − was unexpected. I spent four years just trying to get through it. The hazing and harassment − dead rats being left in mailboxes, the constant put-downs − were largely unaddressed by leaders,” she said.
Sadly, current students still face some of what she endured. Hanley Disher, who married a fellow graduate and again made history when all three of their children graduated from the academy, said she was thrilled to see her daughter have more congressionally mandated opportunities available to her. But she was
heartbroken when she heard that some of the old school misogyny was still there. “This one guy told my daughter a joke,” she recounted. He said: “What did the ugliest girl in the world say to the second ugliest girl in the world? What company are you in?”
Some of the women from the class of 1980 have never returned to the academy to celebrate milestones, as their colleagues took command in the Navy and rose in the ranks at the academy. They told Hanley Disher − when she reached out to them for reunions or events − that they can’t. But people change, places
change. During their 35th reunion, one of the men who was a primo harasser of women apologized to her. He told her that he has been living with guilt over the things he said and did, and wanted to apologize to all of them. So, Disher took him by the arm and said “Let’s go”. She accompanied him on his apology
tour, and then they cried about it at the bar.
PETULA DVORAK
Adaptado de washingtonpost.com, 15/01/2024.
The tone of the article is best described as:
Um semicírculo α de diâmetro AB contém um círculo β de diâmetro CD, conforme ilustra a figura.
Sabe-se que CD é a flecha do arco ACE, que 
medem 20 cm e 16 cm, respectivamente, e que a área do semicírculo α é igual a x.
O valor de x, tomando a área do círculo β como unidade, é igual a:
ÁFRICA NA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL:
UM CAPÍTULO ESQUECIDO
A partir de 3 de setembro de 1939, quando a Grã-Bretanha e a França declararam guerra à Alemanha, os Aliados recrutaram na África cerca de meio milhão de soldados e operários. Soldados de toda a África subsaariana e do norte do continente tiveram de lutar contra as
tropas alemãs e italianas no norte da África e na Europa durante a guerra. Mais tarde também combateram contra os japoneses na Ásia e no Pacífico.
Nos noticiários na Europa falava-se em “voluntários”. Mas o antigo soldado congolês Albert Kuniuku, de 93 anos, tem outra versão: “Foi um verdadeiro recrutamento forçado. Eu trabalhava numa empresa têxtil quando nos foram buscar. Todos os jovens trabalhadores foram recrutados. Nenhum deles tinha mais de 30 anos.”
Albert Kuniuku é presidente da União dos Veteranos Congoleses (UNACO) em Kinshasa, a capital da República Democrática do Congo. Até 1960, o país foi governado pela Bélgica. O veterano é um dos últimos sobreviventes de uma unidade expedicionária que lutou contra
os japoneses na Índia e no Mianmar (antiga Birmânia), entre 1940 e 1946, sob comando britânico e belga, longe dos campos de batalha da Europa.
Adaptado de dw.com, 08/05/2020.
A Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) tornou-se um dos acontecimentos mais marcantes da história do século XX. No trecho da reportagem, são apresentados alguns de seus impactos para as sociedades africanas, como demonstra o testemunho de Albert Kuniuku.
Naquelas sociedades, o recrutamento forçado de trabalhadores foi promovido em função do seguinte contexto:
