Text I
Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles
have been around since Victorian times.
The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you
imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until
recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous
dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when
domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine
some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and
affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then
wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is
entirely different.
By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric;
we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it
started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson
had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though
his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable
batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage
something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual
pony).
It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave
new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who
had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle)
saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious
hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary
consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for
their jobs.
Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered
widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th
century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed
Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he
was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an
electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and
Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright,
clean and silent.
By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against
electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times
while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically –
to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which
vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been
delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late
1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical
vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until
the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite
there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might
have been familiar to Anderson and friends.
Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all
At the dawn of the 20th century in the United States of America,
the use of electricity-powered vehicles seemed to be:
Text I
Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles
have been around since Victorian times.
The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you
imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until
recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous
dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when
domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine
some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and
affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then
wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is
entirely different.
By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric;
we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it
started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson
had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though
his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable
batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage
something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual
pony).
It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave
new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who
had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle)
saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious
hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary
consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for
their jobs.
Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered
widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th
century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed
Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he
was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an
electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and
Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright,
clean and silent.
By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against
electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times
while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically –
to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which
vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been
delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late
1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical
vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until
the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite
there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might
have been familiar to Anderson and friends.
Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all
The idiom in “the tide had definitively turned” (5th paragraph)
implies that the course of events had:
Oh, so we can hate each other and fear each other
We can build these walls between each other
Baby, blow by blow and brick by brick
Keep yourself locked in, yourself locked in
[…]
Oh, maybe we should love somebody
Oh, maybe we could care a little more
So maybe we should love somebody
Instead of polishing the bombs of holy war
KEYS, A. Here. Estados Unidos: RCA Records, 2016.
Nessa letra de canção, que aborda um contexto de ódio e intolerância, o marcador “instead of ” introduz a ideia de
Atenção: Para responder às questões de números 21 a 27, considere a Constituição Federal de 1988.
Umgrupo de pessoas protetoras dos animais quer se reunir, pacificamente e sem armas, em um local aberto ao público para defender ideias que os beneficiam. Essa reunião pode ocorrer,
Julgue o item a seguir, relativo aos princípios gerais da contabilidade das instituições reguladas pelo BCB, instrumentos financeiros e a operações de crédito.
Os instrumentos financeiros que não se enquadrem nas categorias de títulos para negociação ou de títulos mantidos até o vencimento devem ser registrados na categoria títulos
disponíveis para venda.
A estrutura a termo das taxas de juros é um conceito que descreve a relação entre as taxas de juros (ou rendimentos) e os diferentes prazos até o vencimento dos títulos de dívida. Essa relação é tipicamente representada por uma curva de rendimentos, que mostra as taxas de juros para títulos de dívida de qualidade similar, mas com diferentes datas de vencimento.
Ross, Westerfield e Jaffe. Administração financeira.
25.ª ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2002 (com adaptações).
Considerando o assunto abordado no fragmento de texto precedente, julgue o item que se segue.
A estrutura a termo reflete as expectativas do mercado em relação às futuras taxas de juros e fornece indícios sobre a conjuntura econômica, sendo influenciada por fatores como políticas monetárias, expectativas de inflação e condições econômicas globais.
A respeito de fundos de investimento e eficiência dos mercados, julgue o item subsecutivo.
Um fundo com investimento de pelo menos uma parte de seu patrimônio em ativos atrelados à variação cambial é um fundo cambial, de acordo com a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM).
Acerca dos títulos emitidos pelo Tesouro Nacional, julgue o item seguinte
O rendimento dos títulos Tesouro IPCA corresponde a uma taxa prefixada de juros somada à variação do índice nacional de preços ao consumidor amplo (IPCA) no período.
Supondo que os valores 3, 0, 0, 1, 4 constituam uma realização de uma amostra aleatória simples de tamanho n igual a 5 retirada de uma população com função de probabilidade
denota o parâmetro a ser estimado e x ∈ {0, 1, 2, … }, julgue o seguinte item.
A estimativa da variância do estimador de máxima verossimilhança do parâmetro 
é igual a 0,32.
No que se refere a vetores autorregressivos, julgue o item que se segue.
Em um modelo de vetor autorregressivo de ordem p, cada variável do sistema é modelada como uma função linear das defasagens de todas as variáveis incluídas no modelo, incluindo as próprias defasagens passadas.
Considerando que o desvio padrão amostral de uma amostra aleatória simples retirada de uma população normal seja denotado por Sn , julgue o próximo item
Caso a população seja normal padrão, então, pela lei fraca dos grandes números, 
converge em probabilidade para 1 à medida que n → +∞.
O Código Civil, ao tratar da caracterização do empresário, afasta desse instituto as pessoas naturais que exercem profissão intelectual, de natureza científica, literária ou artística. Todavia, o Código Civil admitiu a possibilidade de essas pessoas virem a ser reputadas empresárias e, como tal, sujeitarem−se à inscrição na Junta Comercial.
Assinale a opção que apresenta a condição para que isso ocorra.
É fundamentalmente no Minho, norte de Portugal, que o cavaquinho aparece como instrumento tipicamente popular, ligado às formas essenciais da música característica dessa província. O cavaquinho minhoto tem escala rasa com o tampo, o que facilita a prática do “rasqueado”. O cavaquinho chega ao Brasil diretamente de Portugal, e o modelo brasileiro é maior do que a sua versão portuguesa, com
uma caixa de ressonância mais funda. Semelhante ao cavaquinho minhoto, o machete, ou machetinho madeirense, é um pequeno cordófono de corda dedilhada, que faz parte da grande e diversificada família das violas de mão portuguesas. O ukulele tem a sua origem no século XIX, tendo como ancestrais o braguinha (ou machete) e o rajão, instrumentos levados pelos madeirenses quando eles emigraram para o Havaí.
OLIVEIRA, E. V. Cavaquinhos e família. Disponível em:
https://casadaguitarra.pt. Acesso em: 18 nov. 2021 (adaptado).
O conjunto dessas práticas musicais demonstra que os instrumentos mencionados no texto
“Y si llueve, que llueva” es un refrán gallego. Para mí cobró sentido una noche de febrero, cuando vivía en el barrio de la Macarena de Sevilla con dos buenos amigos, gallegos también. Mi compañero y yo nos decidimos a salir ese sábado de noche, pese a que había estado lloviendo algunas horas a lo largo del día. La idea era una locura, al parecer. Le propusimos salir “de parranda” con nosotros a una
amiga andaluza, ésta respondió que no, nos dijo que no iba a salir un día de lluvia. Flipamos. Comentamos entre nosotros que si los gallegos no saliésemos de casa cuando llueve, en invierno saldríamos poco. Habríamos inventado el confinamiento hace mucho."
Los gallegos no dejamos de salir por la lluvia.
Disponível em: https://politicahora.es. Acesso em: 26 out. 2021.
O comportamento dos personagens narrado no texto destaca o(a)
Considere o código a seguir, escrito na linguagem de programação Python (versão 3.11.3).
<1> import pandas as pd
<2> x = {"0": pd.Series([1.0, 2.0], index=["a", "b"]),
<3> "1": pd.Series([3.0, 4.0, 5.0], index=["a", "b", "c"])}
<4> x = pd.DataFrame(x)
<5> y = x["1"][:2].iloc[-1]
Assinale a opção que indica o valor que y recebe na linha <5>.
