Here you have a partial view of a tree that represents some of the common divisions made
in English Language Teaching as it was provided by Hutchinson & Waters (1987).
In this representation, the ESP branch divides itself into three other branches making it
possible to distinguish ESP courses by the general nature of the learner's specialism. One
of these three large categories is:
After having conducted needs analysis, the ESP teacher has to decide which classroom
activities are most suitable for the language learners
Some features of a text are known to cause difficulties to the reader. Regarding cohesive
devices and discourse markers all the following alternatives are true, EXCEPT:
Regarding the interpretation of lexical cohesion in ESP, a reader may find it more difficult
to understand a text when a writer uses different words to refer to one and the same thing.
All the following are examples of these choices of use, EXCEPT:
According to the text, all the following alternatives are correct, EXCEPT:
According to Hutchinson & Waters (1987) understanding of ESP main characteristics and
developments, consider the following information regarding its correcteness, and choose
the CORRECT alternative.
I. ESP must be seen as an approach to language teaching not as any particular
language product.
II. ESP can be seen as an approach to language learning, which is based on learner
need.
III. ESP is an approach to language teaching in which all the decisions as to content and
method are based on the learner's reason for learning.
Read the following excerpt and answer questions 53, 54 and 55:
Whereas General English Language teaching tends to set out from point A toward an often
pretty indeterminate destination, setting sail through largely uncharted waters, ESP aims to
speed learners through to a known destination. The emphasis in ESP on going from A to B
in the most time- and energy-efficient manner can lead to the view that ESP is an
essentially practical endeavor. Nevertheless, within ESP there are proposals and
counterproposals, arguments and counterarguments about the nature of the destination
(views of what is meant by knowing a language for special purposes) and the best way of
getting there (views of learning and teaching). Thus, although practical in orientation, ESP,
like any other language teaching enterprise, is based on ideas about the nature of
language, learning, and teaching.
Source: BASTURKMEN, Helen. Ideas and options in English for specific purposes. Mahwah: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, 2006. p. 9
Conjunctions are used for the purpose of connecting. If used properly, they can improve
almost any type of writing. Some of them, like whereas, have a number of meanings.
Analyze the use of whereas in the example below and choose the INCORRECT
alternative.
Whereas General English Language teaching tends to set out from point A toward an often
pretty indeterminate destination, (...), ESP aims to speed learners through to a known
destination.
Basturkmen (2006) examines links between theories about language learning and ESP.
She analyses two ideas about conditions needed for language learning and how these
ideas are reflected in ESP teaching and research.
According to her observations on the matter, consider the information provided below
regarding its correctness, and choose the CORRECT alternative.
I. The ideas that the author examines are acculturation and input and interaction.
II. Acculturation is based on social interactions and is premised on the idea that ESP
learners need to be in close proximity or contact with their target discourse
communities.
III. The provision of sufficient linguistic input is the only prerequisite the author considers
for language learning.
Sometimes a sentence is not understood by the reader although the vocabulary is known.
This may happen because the sentence is difficult to unravel syntactically. There are a
number of reasons why a sentence may be difficult to understand such as the use of
complex noun groups, nominalizations, participial phrases, and subordination.
Considering these examples, all the following alternatives are correct, EXCEPT:
