In the text CB3A1AAA,
“state-of-the-art technologies” (l25) are advanced technologies, developed with an artistic touch.
Judge the following items according to text 5A5AAA.
Mesh topologies differ from others because the failure of the
central element results in the failure of the whole network.
Judge the following items according to text 5A5AAA.
If any network element fails in whatever kind of network,
operations will be interrupted.
People with disabilities can use websites and web tools
when they are properly designed. However, currently many sites
and tools are developed with accessibility barriers that make it
difficult or impossible for some people to use them.
The absence of an alternative text is the classic example.
Sites and tools with images should include equivalent alternative
text in the markup/code.
If an alternative text is not provided for images, the image
information is inaccessible, for example, to people who cannot see
and have to use a screen reader that reads aloud the information on
a page, including the alternative text for the visual image.
When an equivalent alternative text is presented, in HTML
format, for example, information is available to everyone to people
who are blind, as well as to people who turned off images on their
mobile phone to lower bandwidth charges, people in a rural area
with low bandwidth who turned off images to speed download, and
others. It is also available to technologies that cannot see the image,
such as search engines.
Another example of barrier is the lack of keyboard input.
Some people cannot use a mouse, including many elderly users with
limited fine motor control. An accessible website does not rely on
the mouse; it provides all functionality via a keyboard.
Just as images are not available to people who cannot see,
audio files are not available to people who cannot hear. Providing
a text transcript makes the audio information accessible to people
who are deaf or hard of hearing.
It is easy and relatively inexpensive for website developers
to provide transcripts for podcasts and audio files. There are also
transcription services that create text transcripts in HTML format.
Most of the basics of accessibility are even easier and less
expensive than providing transcripts. However, the proper
techniques are poorly integrated into some web tools, education,
and development processes.
Internet:
Judge the following items according to the text above.
HTML format is a kind of search engine.
In the fragment of the text “Thankfully, this time around, the
outlook for renewable energy isn't so bleak" (lines 11-12), the
word bleak can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
Read the following extract from Text 1: “Multiliteracies
recognizes both the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in
the new globalized society and the new variety of text forms from
multiple communicative technologies.” (L.11-14)
The alternative from Lotherington (2006) that has some analogy
to this passage is:
As regards Passage 2, analyse the assertions below:
I. A critical orientation may include a transformative view.
II. Critical and transformative perspectives in ESOL are
indistinguishable.
III. Transformative perspectives are wider than critical
orientations.
Choose the correct answer:
Consider the following statement: “the teaching of a foreign
language […] tends to place ‘non-natives’ locally involved in the
process of teaching/learning in a subordinate position when
confronted with the authority attributed to the ‘natives’ in what
is considered ‘their own language’” (our translation) (Jordão,
2013, p. 280).
Here, the writer is attributing this view to
New critical literacy assessment is discussed by Duboc (2016). The only statement that does not reflect this view of assessment is:
A poststructuralist view of language teaching/learning tends to support the notion that identities are
On the ideas of the text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the next items.
Replacing “earlier” (l.17) by older changes the meaning of the last sentence of the text.
On the ideas of the text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the next items.
File format and filename extension refer to different characteristics of a file.
