According to Songhori (2008) the different approaches to investigating needs include -
target situation, strategy or learning needs, present situation, deficiency, means, register,
discourse, and genre analyses. He refers to Dudley-Evans and St. John’s (1998) model
“which encompasses all the above-mentioned approaches” (Songhori, 2008, p. 20) and
includes analyses of the environmental situation; personal information about learners;
language information about learners; learner's lacks; learner's needs from course;
language learning needs; professional information about learners; how to communicate in
the target situation
(Songhori, 2008, p. 21).
Select the alternative with the CORRECT correspondence between Songhori’s and
Dudley-Evans and St. John’s areas of investigating needs.
