“Norris and Ortega (2000) distinguished four types of measurement: meta-linguistic
judgment (e.g., a grammaticality judgment test); selected response (e.g., multiple choice);
constrained constructed response (e.g., gap-filling exercises); free constructed response
(e.g., a communicative task)”
(Ellis 2008, p. 5).
According to Ellis’s Principle 10 that refers to assessing second language proficiency, it is
important to measure learners’ proficiency through
