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“the Japanese” (line 4) refers to a single person from Japan.
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The sentence “the inspectors recommend the introduction of ‘homework charters’” (lines 5 and 6) can be expressed as follows: The inspectors recommend to introduce “homework charters”.
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The preposition “up” in “crept up” (line 6) is optional.
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“all day" (line 8) has the same meaning as every day.
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The idea expressed by “should” in “we should inform the population” (lines 4 and 5) can also be expressed by ought to.
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In paragraph 3, using in spite of the fact that instead of “Although” will not affect the meaning of the sentence.
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In “the inspectors” (line 5), the definite article can be omitted.
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not anymore is a correct alternative to “no longer” (line 1).
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In 1993 the dog population in Britain increased by 7 million.
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“by 2050” (line 4) means that 2050 is the deadline.
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Both yet and nevertheless express the same idea as “However” in paragraph 2.
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A synonymous word for “homework” (line 2) is housework.
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“The dog” (line 1) means a specific type of animal. Not a specific dog.
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If we want avoiding is a suitable alternative for “If we want to avoid” (line 4).
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In paragraph 1, according to some doctors, fad diets have recently contributed to making the obesity issue much worse.