As questões 03 a 05 referem-se ao Texto 1.
Texto 1
“John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen years old;
four years older than I, for I was but ten: large and
stout for his age, with a dingy and unwholesome
skin; thick lineaments in a spacious visage, heavy
limbs and large extremities. He gorged himself
habitually at table, which made him bilious, and
gave him a dim and bleared eye and flabby cheeks.
He ought now to have been at school; but his mama
had taken him home for a month or two, „on account
of his delicate health.‟ Mr. Miles, the master,
affirmed that he would do very well if he had fewer
cakes and sweetmeats sent him from home; but the
mother‟s heart turned from an opinion so harsh, and
inclined rather to the more refined idea that John‟s
sallowness was owing to over-application and,
perhaps, to pining after home. John had not much
affection for his mother and sisters, and an antipathy
to me. He bullied and punished me; not two or three
times in the week, nor once or twice in the day, but
continually: every nerve I had feared him, and every
morsel of flesh in my bones shrank when he came
near. There were moments when I was bewildered
by the terror he inspired, because I had no appeal
whatever against either his menaces or his
inflictions; the servants did not like to offend their
young master by taking my part against him, and
Mrs. Reed was blind and deaf on the subject: she
never saw him strike or heard him abuse me,
though he did both now and then in her very
presence, more frequently, however, behind her
back."
(Extract from http://www.planetpdf.com/planetpdf/pdfs/free_ebooks/jane_eyre_nt.pdf
Accessed on 20 April 2016.)
The expression “on account of” has similar meaning to the underlined expression in:
As questões 06 a 10 referem-se ao Texto 2.
Texto 2
Multicultural Education in Your Classroom
By: E.K. Garcia
America has always been referred to as a melting
pot, but ideally, it's a place where we strive to invite
everyone to celebrate exactly who they are. As the
US. population is becoming increasingly diverse and
technology makes the world feel increasingly
smaller, it is time to make every classroom a
multicultural classroom.
Multicultural education is more than celebrating
Cinco de Mayo with tacos and piñatas or reading
the latest biography of Martin Luther King Jr. It is an
educational movement built on basic American
values such as freedom, justice, opportunity, and
equality. It is a set of strategies aimed to address
the diverse challenges experienced by rapidly
changing U.S. demographics. And it is a beginning
step to shifting the balance of power and privilege
within the education system.
The goals of multicultural education include creating
a safe, accepting and successful learning
environment for all, increasing awareness of global
issues, strengthening cultural consciousness,
strengthening intercultural awareness, teaching
students that there are multiple historical
perspectives, encouraging critical thinking and
preventing prejudice and discrimination.
According to the National Association for
Multicultural Education (NAME), the advantages of
multicultural education are helping students develop
positive self-image, offering students an equitable
educational opportunity, allowing multiple
perspectives and ways of thinking, combating
stereotypes/prejudicial behavior and teaching
students to critique society in the interest of social
justice.
Contrary to popular belief, multicultural education is
more than cultural awareness, but rather an initiative
to encompass all under-represented groups (people
of color, women, people with disabilities, etc) and to
ensure curriculum and content including such
groups is accurate and complete.
Most curriculums focus more on North America and
Europe than any other region. Most students have
learned about genocide through stories of the
Holocaust, but do they know that hundreds of
thousands of people are being killed in places like
Darfur and Rwanda? Despite our close proximity to
Latin America, American schools typically spend
little time reading Latin American literature or
learning about the culture and history.
_______, multicultural education is most successful
when implemented as a schoolwide approach with
reconstruction of not only curriculum, but also
organizational and institutional policy. Educators
must be aware, responsive and embracing of the
diverse beliefs, perspectives and experiences. They
must also be willing and ready to address issues of
controversy.
These issues include, but are not limited to, racism,
sexism, religious intolerance, classism, ageism, etc.
(Adapted from http://www.teachhub.com/multiculturaleducation-your-classroom
Accessed on 21 April 2016)
“_______, multicultural education is most successful when implemented as a schoolwide approach with reconstruction of not only curriculum, but also organizational and institutional policy.” The best expression to complete the excerpt is:
As questões 13 a 15 referem-se ao Texto 4.
Texto 4
(…) In describing methods, the difference between a
philosophy of language teaching at the level of
theory and principles, and a set of derived
procedures for teaching a language, is central. In an
attempt to clarify this difference, a scheme was
proposed by the American applied linguist Edward
Anthony in 1963. He identified three levels of
conceptualization and organization, ________ he
termed approach, method, and technique.
The arrangement is hierarchical. The
organizational key is that techniques carry out a
method which is consistent with an approach . ..
An approach is a set of correlative
assumptions dealing with the nature of language
teaching and learning. An approach is axiomatic.
It describes the nature of the subject matter to be
taught. .. .
... Method is an overall plan for the
orderly presentation of language material, no part
of which contradicts, and all of which is based
upon, the selected approach. An approach is
axiomatic, a method is procedural. Within one
approach, there can be many methods . ..
... A technique is implementational - that
which actually takes place in a classroom. It is a
particular trick, stratagem, or contrivance used to
accomplish an immediate objective. Techniques
must be consistent with a method, and therefore
in harmony with an approach as well. (Anthony
1963:63-7)
According to Anthony's model, approach is the level
at which assumptions and beliefs about language
and language learning are specified; method is the
level at ________ theory is put into practice and at
_____ choices are made about the particular skills
to be taught, the content to be taught, and the order
in ______ the content will be presented; technique
is the level at _____ classroom procedures are
described.
(RICHARDS, J; ROGERS, T; SWAN, M. (1999) Approaches and
Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP. 15th edition)
In the sentence “…choices are made about
the particular skills to be taught…", the verbs are in
the:
Choose the alternative which has the translation of the false cognates “sensible”, “enroll”, “adept”, “uneducated” to Portuguese:
