O texto a seguir é referência para as questões de 21 a 23.
We are accustomed to thinking of military success as determined by quality of weaponry, rather than by food supply. But a clear example of how improvements
in food supply may decisively increase military success comes from the history of Maori New Zealand. The Maori are the Polynesian people who were the first
to settle New Zealand. Traditionally, they fought frequent fierce wars against each other, but only against closely neighboring tribes. Those wars were
limited by the modest productivity of their agriculture, whose staple crop was sweet potatoes. It was not possible to grow enough sweet potatoes to feed an
army in the field for a long time or on distant marches. When Europeans arrived in New Zealand, they brought potatoes, which beginning around 1815
considerably increased Maori crop yields. Maori could now grow enough food to supply armies in the field for many weeks. The result was a 15year period in
Maori history, from 1818 until 1833, when Maori tribes that had acquired potatoes and guns from the English sent armies out on raids to attack tribes
hundreds of miles away that had not yet acquired potatoes and guns. Thus, the potato’s productivity relieved previous limitations on Maori warfare, similar
to the limitations that lowproductivity corn agriculture imposed on Maya warfare.
(Diamond, J. (2006). Collapse. London: Penguin.)
How did the arrival of Europeans change Maori warfare?
O texto a seguir é referência para as questões de 21 a 23.
We are accustomed to thinking of military success as determined by quality of weaponry, rather than by food supply. But a clear example of how improvements
in food supply may decisively increase military success comes from the history of Maori New Zealand. The Maori are the Polynesian people who were the first
to settle New Zealand. Traditionally, they fought frequent fierce wars against each other, but only against closely neighboring tribes. Those wars were
limited by the modest productivity of their agriculture, whose staple crop was sweet potatoes. It was not possible to grow enough sweet potatoes to feed an
army in the field for a long time or on distant marches. When Europeans arrived in New Zealand, they brought potatoes, which beginning around 1815
considerably increased Maori crop yields. Maori could now grow enough food to supply armies in the field for many weeks. The result was a 15year period in
Maori history, from 1818 until 1833, when Maori tribes that had acquired potatoes and guns from the English sent armies out on raids to attack tribes
hundreds of miles away that had not yet acquired potatoes and guns. Thus, the potato’s productivity relieved previous limitations on Maori warfare, similar
to the limitations that lowproductivity corn agriculture imposed on Maya warfare.
(Diamond, J. (2006). Collapse. London: Penguin.)
Why does the text mention the Maya?
O texto a seguir é referência para as questões 24 e 25.
William Penn (16441718), founder of Pennsylvania. Son of an admiral, he was sent to a Puritan school and was expelled from Oxford as a dissenter in 1660.
Sent to Ireland to manage the family estates, he regularly attended the Quaker meeting at Cork, and on his return to England he was twice imprisoned for
proselytizing, but nonetheless retained connections with the court. In 1681, Charles II repaid a debt owed to Penn’s father by granting him a large province
on the west bank of the Delaware river in North America. Penn drew up a frame of government providing for religious toleration in the new colony, which he
named Pennsylvania. After he had supervised the building of Philadelphia (16824), he returned to England and, on James II’s accession, secured the release
of some 1,200 Quaker prisoners. Out of favour after the Glorious Revolution, he returned to America in 1699, but financial mismanagement forced him to
mortgage his rights as proprietor of the colony.
(Gardiner, J., & Wenborn, N. (eds.) (1995). The History Today Companion to British History. London: Collins & Brown.)
In 1681, Penn became the owner of Pennsylvania because:
O texto a seguir é referência para as questões de 21 a 23.
We are accustomed to thinking of military success as determined by quality of weaponry, rather than by food supply. But a clear example of how improvements
in food supply may decisively increase military success comes from the history of Maori New Zealand. The Maori are the Polynesian people who were the first
to settle New Zealand. Traditionally, they fought frequent fierce wars against each other, but only against closely neighboring tribes. Those wars were
limited by the modest productivity of their agriculture, whose staple crop was sweet potatoes. It was not possible to grow enough sweet potatoes to feed an
army in the field for a long time or on distant marches. When Europeans arrived in New Zealand, they brought potatoes, which beginning around 1815
considerably increased Maori crop yields. Maori could now grow enough food to supply armies in the field for many weeks. The result was a 15year period in
Maori history, from 1818 until 1833, when Maori tribes that had acquired potatoes and guns from the English sent armies out on raids to attack tribes
hundreds of miles away that had not yet acquired potatoes and guns. Thus, the potato’s productivity relieved previous limitations on Maori warfare, similar
to the limitations that lowproductivity corn agriculture imposed on Maya warfare.
(Diamond, J. (2006). Collapse. London: Penguin.)
Which of the following sentences is NOT true, according to the text?
O texto a seguir é referência para as questões 24 e 25.
William Penn (16441718), founder of Pennsylvania. Son of an admiral, he was sent to a Puritan school and was expelled from Oxford as a dissenter in 1660.
Sent to Ireland to manage the family estates, he regularly attended the Quaker meeting at Cork, and on his return to England he was twice imprisoned for
proselytizing, but nonetheless retained connections with the court. In 1681, Charles II repaid a debt owed to Penn’s father by granting him a large province
on the west bank of the Delaware river in North America. Penn drew up a frame of government providing for religious toleration in the new colony, which he
named Pennsylvania. After he had supervised the building of Philadelphia (16824), he returned to England and, on James II’s accession, secured the release
of some 1,200 Quaker prisoners. Out of favour after the Glorious Revolution, he returned to America in 1699, but financial mismanagement forced him to
mortgage his rights as proprietor of the colony.
(Gardiner, J., & Wenborn, N. (eds.) (1995). The History Today Companion to British History. London: Collins & Brown.)
Penn was imprisoned in England:
