Scientists have worked on integrating Earth- and satellite-based observing networks for decades.
The conjunction therefore (L.17) expresses an idea of consequence.
Scientists are once again exploring waters which have not yet been explored.
Climate change is an important issue of our time which has increasingly caused population growth.
The author of the text affirms that although evidence of physical effects of climate change continues to grow, the world is starting to dissect how physical changes will intersect with society and economies.
The adjective far-reaching(L.23) could be correctly replaced by extensive.