Comparing Texts I and II, it is possible to affirm that
In the fragment of Text I “we urgently need to take stock of policy initiatives around the world" (lines 21-22), take stock means to
The phrase that shift (line 46) refers to the change in China from a




In the sentence of the last paragraph “In short, banks are best-placed to succeed if they commit to end-to-end digital transformation”, the phrase In short conveys an idea of
Based on the information presented in Text I, the expression in bold type and the item in parenthesis are semantically equivalent in
In the fragment “The threat to stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win any such clash and to treat the result as a licence to reassert its influence in the region" (lines 17-20), given that can be replaced, without change in meaning, by


In the fragment of the text “Thankfully, this time around, the
outlook for renewable energy isn't so bleak" (lines 11-12), the
word bleak can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
Based on the meanings in Text I, the two items that express synonymous ideas are

In the fragments “some recent data suggests that as economic growth has picked up" (lines 47-48) and “Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air pollution in many of the major cities" (lines 49-51), picked up and driven by mean, respectively,
In the sentence of the text “Generally, loan clerks are on the high end of this range,whereas general office clerks are on the lower end" (lines 78-80), the word whereas